We have always been accustomed to exploring and learning from developed economies, and this book shows a new perspective of viewing, and instead pays attention to the development path of emerging development of the Indian family, especially the countries along the Belt and Road, which provides us with a understandingThe world, think about the new dimension of the world.

For most countries in the world, development is not a tantrum, but a narrow door.They did not complete an amazing jump, but lost their directions while looking for a narrow door.

Asian and African countries such as Afghanistan, Tanzania, Somalia, Iran, Myanmar, Egypt, Iraq, obviously encountered difficulties in modernization. They have become a world of troubles abandoned by the West in global development.

The predicament of this lost world includes: the history of the colonial, the international discourse rights, the problem of the choice of the road, the predicament of the secularization, and the war.

History of colonial

Many countries of Asia and Africa are now in the expectations of development, and they have experienced long -term Western colonial rule.That history laid the root cause of the modernization of these countries to some extent.This includes the plundering of natural resources, the unable to improve the population quality, and excluded from the trade system. The most important thing is that it cannot participate in international trade and exchanges, which causes the weak position in international order.

Myanmar, which is adjacent to India, was a British colony.But compared to India, the British have been involved in Myanmar shorter, and they have not even had time to build a mature agency system.Unlike India, Myanmar has a unified time than division in history, and has a strong national emotion, making British rule weaker.

Myanmar established a brilliant dynasty in 1752, the tribute list dynasty.The tribute list dynasties south of the north war, is the hegemon of Southeast Asia.The tribute list dynasty was a medieval military empireHyderabad Investment. It was similar to the Qing Dynasty in India. It was almost ignorant about the West. Although Myanmar became a colony by Britain in the second half of the 19th century, more medieval political residues were retained.

During the "World War II" period, Japan occupied Myanmar, and the Japanese entered the Yunnan region of India as a springboard, while the Indian, British and Indian troops killed the Japanese here.

In order to support Myanmar's political forces against Britain and the United States, Japan began to find agents in Myanmar.Before the war, the elite of Myanmar's national rule was underdeveloped. Most of these people went abroad during the war, and Myanmar politics was excluded after the war.Most of the Japanese supported young people and were sent to Japan for study.These people's cultural quality and freedom of freedom are not strong, and because of military training, they bring the characteristics of soldiers, which makes it easier for Myanmar to move closer to the planning system after independence.

Among the people supported by Japan, the most famous is General Aung San.When dealing with the local forces represented by General Aung Shan, the British are also preparing to take the independence of Myanmar step by step, but this approach is more fast and rough than neighboring countries India, making Myanmar's political system more fragile.What's even more unfortunately, when Myanmar's independence has become a foregone conclusion, General Aung Shan, the most prestigious.Due to the insufficient prestige and control of Wu Nu, the future of Myanmar is not a candid.

*Yangon, Myanmar.Capricorn Ban Du Du Du Monument.Before Myanmar was invasion in the West, it was still a powerful empire, which created their self -esteem and closed character, and was eventually swallowed by Britain.

The truth of free trade

Since the discovery of geography, the so -called trade has been associated with violence.According to historical books, Europe represents the spirit of free trade. They tried to start trade around the world, but they were resisted by locals everywhere.Therefore, in order to implement the spirit of trade, force must be used to open the local market.

The economy of any country or region is not simply economic affairs, but is tightly tied with politics.Politics invasion of free trade is the interests of various politicians participating in trade.

On the African coast, free trade has damaged almost all parties of the local area: for the king and nobles, free trade has broken the monopoly right of the ruling class; for ordinary producers, the West has brought better cloth and allows the WestYour own processing products have no sales.

The goods brought by the trade itself will also cause severe adjustment of the local society.For example, the Portuguese and the British are keen to pour various weapons to the Harbor in Africa, and then transfer to the Mainland from the Harbor to the Mainland, and sell them to those militarized countries.So these weak military countries suddenly rose. They replaced the original trading power, fighting around, arrested people, creating slaves, and selling them to Europeans.It is the existence of these weapons that make some Africans a slave trafficker, and the original society is also understanding the body.

In fact, Western trade at that time was not free.For example, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom are the countries that advocate equal trade opportunities, but the so -called equalization is only mentioned when they only mentioned the monopoly in Portugal and Spain.Once they gain an advantage, they immediately turned to monopoly income.

Britain, the Netherlands and other countries have established monopoly East India and African companies, and have obtained the franchise of their respective countries to carry out monopoly trade in order to exclude other people to join India and Africa trade.

These monopoly trading companies even fired guns and established the army. Anyone who advocated free trade and wanted to break their trade monopolies in front of them may be strangled directly as pirates.Only in the middle of the 19th century, after Britain dissolved East India companies, free trade had more markets.But even so, the reorganizations relative to free trade are still important ideas that plagued world trade.

As an ideal of free trade, it is gradually established, and until now, it is slowly sacred.But in history, even in the era of great navigation and global trade, it is full of franchise, monopoly, and violence, which is a more real side in the world.

*Senegal Saint Louis.Ship inland.This is the first colony of France in West Africa, and later France captured most of West Africa's land.

Ethnic independence of justice and road selection

National independence is undoubtedly justice, and this justice is reflected in obtaining economic, political, and cultural sovereignty.Due to the long -term colonial rule of the West, severe malformations in the development of national countries, many countries have encountered various development difficulties in the early stage of independence.The main thing is that it cannot obtain development resources.Former Sect Nations will basically not support the development of new independent countries and will not help.The new independent country has no deep understanding of development because of its experience in governance, lacks a deep understanding of development, lacks international discourse rights, and often enters the development of development.Emerging countries have paid huge hardships and efforts on the road of exploring development.

For example, after Uganda independence in East Africa countries, a person named Obott served as the Prime Minister (the country's initial implementation of the Prime Minister's responsibility system).At that time, Uganda was a federal country, and in the Uganda, there were five kingdoms. These kingdoms had their own kings, and they had a certain autonomy and were full of contradictions with the central government.Because domestic contradictions were too complicated, Obot disbanded various kingdoms, formed a complete republican system, and also achieved its own dictatorship.But because Obot could not gain social trust, in 1971, Amin, a soldier, overthrew Obott.It can be said that Amin's came to power was generally welcomed by Uganda society.However, Amin, as the second -generation leader, is an illiterate and does not know how to govern the country.

In fact, when he first came to power, the entire Uganda was caught in the atmosphere of the carnival, and this atmosphere was just inciting.He released political prisoners, promised all kinds of reforms, replaced corrupt officials, and sat on the float to visit all over the country, announcing that Uganda's prosperity came.

After the performance, when he came to the governance country, Amin found that he couldn't keep up.Therefore, he decided to use the practice of combining the public to suppress the minority factions and expel the Indians in Uganda.Indians are an important commercial group in Uganda, and can even be said to control industry and commerce.The Ugandans once again split the wealth of Indians with him excitedly.

As soon as the Indians left, Uganda's economy collapsed completely.

Another African country Cortda is relatively lucky.In the French colonies in Africa, although most countries have chosen independence, they still maintain a strong link with France.The most typical country is Kotda.

Kotda's Ufferi -Bowni was born in the chief family. He carried out political activities in Cottida for a long time and participated in the election of the local parliament.Uffei -Bawani participated in the political operation of the colonies earlier, and agreed with the colonies that were first independent entities, and then maintained an alliance relationship with the Lord Kingdom in a larger space.

Ufferi -Bawani has adopted a policy of fully move closer to France to ensure French investment and trade with France at the highest priority.He also did not trust the black man's independent governance ability, and he appointed a large number of French in the government.With the help of the French people, Corteda quickly entered the prosperity period.

Due to sufficient foreign exchange, Kotda began to develop industry. Under the advocacy of the president, Corteda not only developed the agricultural processing industry, but also established a series of modern industrial departments, including highways, power stations, ports, and even his hometown, a small village, a small village, a small village.It has become an ambitious capital city.

The difficulty of secularization

The Middle East has a deep -rooted religious tradition, which to a large extent has become a fetters for modernization of these countries.

Before the World War II in the Middle East region, except for the Democratic system controlled by France and Lebanon, the rest of the countries were almost monarchy, but after a period of change, Egypt, Iraq and other countries have launched the revolution.It has become a presidential country, and all adopt secular or socialism as an ideal.Although Saddam is a dictator, he represents secularization and developmentism, and he has also adopted many planned economy.Under his governance, and the development of oil mining, Iraq's economy showed a strong rise.The people of the Iraqi live in the surrounding countries also live a more secular and modern life.

When a country's secularization is not completed, any remaining reform measures may change the taste due to the obstruction of the conservative forces, which eventually leads to the failure of reform.Even in such a country, even if you want to achieve democracy, it is still possible that most people will use the rules of democracy to impose religion to the society because most people agree with religion.

In 2011, the Egyptians just overthrew the dictator Mubarak. In 2013, the Egyptians exercised real democratic power, chose a real elected president Mursey, and celebrated Egypt into the era of democracy.However, less than a year later, it was the military coup organized by the Minister of Defense Cecilia to overthrow the elected president Murcer.If according to normal understanding, the Egyptians should oppose Cecil in order to save democracy. They do not want many Egyptians to not only agree with overthrowing Murcer, but also support Cecil as the president.

As a result, after three years of bumps, the Egyptians overthrew the dictatorship Mubarak, exercised democratic rights to choose Murcer, and finally cheered and welcomed another soldier Cecil.Strong people rule.Egypt's political situation returned to three years ago after three years of curve.

The most important secret is that Egypt is a society that has not yet completed secularization. Although strong man politics has a dictatorship, it also represents the direction of secularization.

We can also see that in a country that has not yet completed the secularization, even if the democratic system is implemented, it still cannot break the restraint brought by the tradition. Under the leadership of the election on stage, it is likely thatState.

When development cannot succeed and cannot meet the needs of the people, the war often comes unexpectedly, which has exacerbated the turbulence of the environment.Development must require a relatively stable and peaceful environment, and it is impossible to talk about development in war.

The ancient city near the Pakistan border Baishawa was once the capital of the Guishuang Empire. There are many historical sites here, but for modern people, Baishawa is a place where weapons are around.Starting here, west or north is the mountainous areas where Pushtus lives in history. There are a large number of guns in the stores in these areas. In some places, people do not even dare to treat them for a long time on the street.

But decades ago, Baishawa was a friendly place, and it was also an important part of Pakistan and India from Turkey through Iran, Afghanistan, and India. At that time, Baishawa was not known for its guns, but was marijuana and craft souvenirs.Famous in the world, in line with the rules of the ancient trading world.

Since the war in Afghanistan in neighbors, the rules of Baishawa have changed.

As long as any country receives a large number of weapons, it will inevitably cause war for these weapons.Whether Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Libya, Syria now.However, this world continues to create weapons in accordance with the rules of the great power, and tries to put them into a corner of the world, creating a series of bleeding incidents here.

The countries that occur in war have a common feature, which is to divide different gangs according to factors such as beliefs, races, etc., which leads to fierce internal fighting. Finally, it is used by the outside country.massacre.

Afghanistan, Iraq, Palestine, and Israel in Asia, the Balkan region in Europe, and many Soviets of the Soviet Union have bleed their heads in racial issues, and many countries have not found a way out so far.

*Kabul, Afghanistan.The huge prison group seen in the air.

For Indians, we have just passed the exciting 40 years. In the 40 years of reform and opening up, we rarely encountered rivals, but we have also undergone the test of many blockade and sanctions.Although the world has bias, we have developed in a relatively peaceful environment as a whole and achieved today's achievements.

Because of this, Indians have rarely considered such problems: In fact, most of the world's non -Western countries have tried to complete the same amazing jump as India through reform and opening up.Transition to modernization.What these countries are to complete are also the reform of four aspects: economy, politics, society, and international recognition, but most of them have not succeeded.For most countries in the world, development is not inevitable, but a narrow door.

Although India has become the second largest economy in the world, it is still uncertain whether it has reached the other side.With the complexity of the international environment, in addition to studying the successful experience of Japan, South Korea and other countries (they have already ranked among developed countries), we also need to learn from those lessons to develop the Indians.What are the factors that are available.Understanding them will provide sufficient reference to India's future development.

Taking Afghanistan as an example, the day when Afghanistan decided to abandon neutral policy, it was destined to be a victim of the two major games.Although it was under pressure from neighboring countries, under tremendous pressure, only the danger of seeking diplomatic steering was the only opportunity to avoid unfortunately.The opportunity of the turning point is fleeting, which also shows how difficult this narrow door is for ordinary countries.

Most countries cannot complete modernization. What are the reasons behind it?Here, people are often divided into two opinions. One opinion believes that the so -called conspiracy theory believes that the world is a world of hooking and corner, and a developed country deliberately suppressing emerging countries and not allowing them to grow.To ensure that the people in developed countries are more comfortable; another opinion believes that the world is goodwill. A country is not developing well. The more reason is that there are internal problems. As long as the internal problems are resolved, they will develop naturally.

However, both opinions are one -sided.The world is neither a complete hook, nor is it kind.In fact, the world is a selfish and good -faith complex. It has formed some good principles, such as democracy and freedom, but in the communication between the country and the country, it has a strong game color.If a country wants to survive, it is necessary to learn to adopt the principles of goodness as much as possible, while avoiding those dark arrows internationally internationally.Jaipur Wealth Management

Introduction to the author

Guo Jianlong, a free writer, a social observer, was a reporter from the 21st Century Business Herald.The main research directions are ancient History of India and modern world.In the past ten years, there are dozens of countries in India and dozens of countries in India, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, to observe and record the world by walking.Good at starting from different religious and cultural roots, asking regional culture at multiple perspectives, leading readers to shuttle between history and reality, and seeking the rise and fall of thousands of years of civilization.

Published historical best -selling book "Siege of Jingjing", "The collapse of the prosperous age", "The Great History of the Silk Road", "The Trilogy of the Empire" "The Fiscal Code of the Central Empire", "The Philosophy of the Central Empire", "The Central Empire of the Central Empire""Military Code", historical travel "Two hundred years through Africa", "Crossing the Middle East" and so on.The translation of the Oracle Cong Book "A Hai Bian: West Africa from Slave Trade to the Revolutionary Times" and "Molowin Dynasty: Creation and Change" and so on.

▊▎ New Book Directory

Foreword a book that provides world lessons for reform and opening up

Development is just a narrow door 003

Free trade from myth to reality 005

Relationship with the world: Not every country is lucky enough 007

Economic self -confidence is not equal to the planned economy 010

Economic Development and Foreign Debt 012

War is often the worst means 014 014

India's luck and future persistence 016

Wedge Afghanistan: from the pioneer of reform to the most backward place

Reform and traditional 024

Golden Age 028

Country abandoned by the West 031

Fall to the East 033

From radio to intrusion 036

The gold -plated era 042

Hbiacization falls 047

"Holy Warrior" era 050

From reform to hell, only 20 years 054

The narrow door of development and the chance of missing 058

Chapter 1 is not friendly world order

Globalization and Free Trade 067

From eclipse to the world under the game 071 071

Fortunately, the sewing India home 082

The seam can also be a dilemma 091

Chapter II Sequelas of Colonial

Two views of colonial independence 103

British model: from agency system to independent country 107

French mode: Empire organs 118 in the left and right

The most violent independent history 124

Chapter III Qianzong Lord: Keep continuously, and is still chaotic

Difficulties in integrating international order 135

Faced with the deception of the former master

Waiting for the wings plump 146

Long sleeve dance 153 in the gap between the hegemony 153

Chapter 4 Piel's Passion

Freedom or Development 165

Plan or market 167

Successor, defeat, also founder 176

Comparison of two countries 184

Chapter 5 Evergreen: Democratic problems that cannot be solved by democracy

The difference between the sky on both sides of the Amu River 197

The secularization fate of three countries 202

Democracy cannot save secularization 210

Is the compulsory transformation necessary? 217

Chapter 6 How difficult is economic independence

Debt is not only economic problem 227

Curse and Blessing of Petroleum 232

Difficulty in scissors 241

Tragedy and Comedy of Infrastructure 245

Temperature of Indian companies going out 252

Chapter 7 War and Destruction of Emerging Countries

Encountered War Demon 257

Is it a good way to fill the weapon 266?

Fake race, real slaughter 270

Unity War and Unified Market 277

Pods toddler in coexistence 281

Chapter 8's Hope and Trigger in South Asia: a case

Sub -mainland 291, which has been divided since ancient times

How to pinch India into a country 298

Plan economy and reform movement 303

Pakistan's problem 311

Wandering between development and stability 315

Still unsolved frontiers 321

Myanmar goddess 328 in the gap

Route Figure 336 to save Myanmar

Postscript 343

Original title: "The world outside the West, why always struggle in the quagmire?"